مؤلفه های قدرت نرم چین در آفریقا

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران مرکزی

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران مرکزی

چکیده

دولت چین با بهره­ گیری از جنبه­ های مختلف قدرت نرم خود، در حال اجرای راهبرد تمام ­عیارِ پیش­رونده­ی جهانی به‌ویژه در قاره آفریقاست. حضور چینی ­ها در قاره آفریقا بسیار فراگیر بوده؛ به گونه ­ای که این امر را می ­توان ناشی از بهره­ گیری مناسب از نتایج مذاکرات و برنامه ­های مصوب حاصل از برگزاری منظم اجلاس­ های سران کشورهای چین-آفریقا در کنارِ موج روزافزون حضور رسانه­ ها و نهادهای فرهنگی دولتی چینی در این قاره دانست. هدف از این پژوهش، کمک به درک هرچه بهتر سیاست­گذاران ایرانی از نحوه سیاست­گذاری­ های چین در آفریقا و تأثیرات ناشی از آن بر تعاملات سیاسی و اقتصادی با قاره ­ای است که بسیاری از ظرفیت­های آن برای بخش­های مختلف کشورمان مغفول مانده است. این مقاله، از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ ها، اطلاعات و اسناد انتشاریافته، با بررسی مؤلفه­ های قدرت نرم چین در آفریقا و تأثیرات آن بر تعاملات این کشور با این قاره، به دنبال پاسخ به این سؤال است که عملکرد قدرت نرم چین در آفریقا چگونه بوده و از چه مؤلفه­ هایی برخوردار است؟ فرضیه ­ی به­ کارگرفته ­شده عبارت است از اینکه چین با بهره­ گیری از مؤلفه­ های قدرت نرم خود در قاره آفریقا، ازجمله فرهنگ و تبادلات آموزشی-فرهنگی، تقویت حضور دیپلماتیک و ارائه­ ی کمک­های مالی و سرمایه ­گذاری در بخش­های مختلف این قاره، توانسته است ضمن جلب نظر مثبت و مساعد افکار عمومی و حمایت دولت­های آفریقایی برای ادامه­ ی همکاری­ ها با این کشور، نسبت به ایجاد زمینه­ های پیشبرد اهداف سیاسی و اقتصادی خود در این قاره اقدام کند. این مقاله نشان می ­دهد که نوع نگاه دولت­مردان ایرانی به آفریقا و انتظارات­شان از این قاره، زمینه­ ساز تعریف سازوکار و بهره­ برداری از قدرت نرم و ابزارهای آن در راستای منافع موردنظر خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

China’s Soft Power Components in Africa

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Javad Hosseini 1
  • Ardeshir Sanaie 2
1 Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch
2 Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch
چکیده [English]

By utilizing its different soft powers aspects, the Chinese government is implementing a global progressive strategy, especially on the African continent. The presence of the Chinese on the continent of Africa is very pervasive, which can be attributed to the proper utilization of the negotiations results and the programs approved by the regular China–Africa Summits meetings along with the increasing wave of presence of Chinese governmental media and cultural institutions on this continent. The purpose of this research is to help Iranian decision makers to better understanding of China’s policy makings in Africa and its effects on the political and economic interactions with the continent which many of its capacities have been unknown for different sectors of our country. This paper while using the analytical data, information and documents published, by examining the China's soft power components in Africa and its effects on the interactions of this country with the continent, tries to answer the following question: What is the soft power performance of China in Africa and what components does it have? The hypothesis used in this connection is that China uses its soft power components on the African continent including culture and educational-cultural exchanges, strengthening diplomatic presence, and the provision of financial and investment assistance in different parts of Africa, has succeeded in attracting positive view of public opinion and the support of African governments to continue cooperation with the country in order to create the proper context for pursuing its political and economic goals on the continent. This research shows that the Iranian officials’ approaches towards Africa and their expectations from this continent will be the basis for defining any mechanism and exploiting of soft power and its tools in line with the expected interests.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • China
  • Africa
  • Soft Power
  • Culture
  • Political Values
  • Diplomacy

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