Irans full membership in the SCO:Economic and Security implications

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Author

Faculty of Economic an Political Science

10.29252/piaj.2022.226421.1226

Abstract

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a symbol of regional integration in post-Cold War Eurasian landmass. The developments of SCO demonstrates the importance of power politics and relative gains in forming to the patterns in which members of the organization behave. However, after nearly two decades, Iran's efforts to become a permanent member of the SCO have paid off. The formal process of Iran's accession has begun and this country will become a permanent member of the organization soon. Now, the question is what range of security and economic consequences will Iran's permanent membership in the SCO have? This article seeks to provide an answer to this question by using the conceptual framework of realism in the analysis of international regimes and referring to the documents that countries needs to sign for permanent membership in SCO. The findings of the paper show that power relations are the focal variable in creating the Shanghai security and economic regime and relative gains have played a key role in shaping the behavioral model of the members of the organization. Affected by this pattern of behavior, the institutionalization of this organization has been weak. Therefore, Iran's permanent membership in the SCO creates binding commitments for the country only in the field of counter-terrorism. In other areas of security and economics, cooperation is not binding and is a function of consensus among members.

Keywords

References

  •  

    منابع

    • حاجی یوسفی، ا.، و الوند، م. (1387)، »ایران و سازمان همکاری‌های شانگهای: هژمونی و ضد هژمونی«، پژوهشنامه علوم سیاسی، دوره 3، شماره 2، 163-194.
    • شمسیان، حمید (1385)، »سازمان همکاری شانگهای و آینده ایران در آن«، مجله اطلاعات سیاسی - اقتصادی، 223 و 224، 248-257.
    • کیوان حسینی، سید اصغر (1378)، »نظریه رژیم‌های بین‌المللی امنیتی«، مجله اطلاعات سیاسی - اقتصادی، 145 و 146، 138-153.
    • -کوزه گر کالجی، ولی(1390)، " کوششی در جهت تبیین نظری سازمان همکاری شانگهای"،پژوهش نامه سیاست خارجی،30، 61-90
    • Agreement on Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure between the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 21 February 2020, http://eng.sectsco.org/documents/
    • Agostinis, Giovanni & Urdinez, Francisco. (2021), «The Nexus between Authoritarian and Environmental Regionalism: An Analysis of China's Driving Role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization». Problems of Post-Communism.
    • Alexander Gabuev, Bigger, Not Better: Russia Makes the SCO a Useless Club, Carnegie Moscow Center, 23 June 2017, https://carnegiemoscow.org/commentary/71350 (3 October 2021)
    • Ashargh Al-awsat staff, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Qatar to Become SCO Dialogue Partners, 18 September, 2021, https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3195761/saudi-arabia-egypt-qatar-become-sco-dialogue-partners , 20 February 2022.
    • Baylis, J., Smith, S., and Owens, P. eds. (2019), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. 8th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 23 February 2022, https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=3851
    • Chung, Chien. (2006), «China and the Institutionalization of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Problems of Post-communism» - PROBL POST-COMMUNISM. 53. 3-14.
    • Chris Rickleton, By Opposing SCO Development Bank, Is Russia Biggest Loser?, Eurasianet, 25 March 2015, https://eurasianet.org/by-opposing-sco-development-bank-is-russia-biggest-loser (3 October 2021)
    • Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, http://eng.sectsco.org/documents/ (3 October 2021)
    • Dushanbe Declaration on the Twentieth Anniversary of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Ministry of External Affairs, 17 September 2021, https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/34275/Dushanbe_Declaration_on_the_Twentieth_Anniversary_of_the_Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation (3 October 2021)
    • Grieco, Joseph M (1988)," Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism",International Organization,42.475-507
    • Hasenclever, Andreas & Mayer, Peter & Rittberger, Volker. (1996), «Interests, Power, Knowledge: The Study of International Regimes». Mershon International Studies Review. 40. 177-228.
    • Hasenclever, A., Mayer, P., & Rittberger, V. (1997), Theories of International Regimes (Cambridge Studies in International Relations). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Huaxia, SCO plans to enhance financial cooperation, continue consultations on establishing SCO Development Bank, Xinhua, 01 December 2020, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-12/01/c_139555549.htm (3 October 2021)
    • Krasner, S. D. (1982), «Regimes and the Limits of Realism: Regimes as Autonomous Variables». International Organization, 36(2), 497–510.
    • Joanna Lillis, Putin Fails to Win Ukraine Consensus at SCO Summit, eurasianet, Sep 12 2014 https://eurasianet.org/putin-fails-to-win-ukraine-consensus-at-sco-summit (4 October 2021)
    • Liao, J. X. (2021), «China’s energy diplomacy towards Central Asia and the implications on its “belt and road initiative”». The Pacific Review, 34(3), 490-522.
    • Raghavan, Srinath. (2018), «The Security Dilemma and India–China Relations». Asian Security. 15. 1-13.
    • Pakistan propose to establish SCO development bank, The Nation, 17 July 2021, < https://nation.com.pk/17-Jul-2021/pakistan-propose-to-establish-sco-development-bank> (3 October 2021)
    • Rousselot, H. (2011), Le Club de l'énergie de l'ocs, un élément (moteur)... d'intégration régionale ?. Relations internationales, 145, 117-132
    • Mackerras, C., & Clarke, M. (2009), China, Xinjiang and Central Asia: History, transition and Crossborder interaction into the 21st century. London: Routledge.
    • Reuters Staff, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation to set up bank - Xinhua, Reuters, 04 November 2016, <https://www.reuters.com/article/china-sco-banks-idUSL4N1D45XI> (3 October 2021)
    • Šćepanović, J. (2021), «Russia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: a question of the commitment capacity». European politics and society, 1-23.
    • SCO Development Bank: Prospects of the SCO development bank, cgtn, 06 Jun 2018, https://news.cgtn.com/news/7a517a4d32454464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/share_p.html (3 October 2021).
    • -Song,W.(2016), "Interests, Power and China's Difficult Game in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)" Journal of Contemporary China,17. 85-101
    • Song, W. (2016), China's approach to Central Asia: The Shanghai Co-operation organisation. London: Routledge.
    • The Moscow Declaration of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. 10 November 2020, http://eng.sectsco.org/news/20201110/690356.html (4 October 2021).
    • The Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism, 23 February 2020, http://eng.sectsco.org/documents/.
    • Tsygankov, A.P. (Ed.). (2018), Routledge Handbook of Russian Foreign Policy (1st ed.). London: Routledge.
    • Vitaliy Bushuev, Valeriy Pervuhin, SCO energy club: what it should be?, Energy Strategy Institute – special for InfoSCO, 13 March 2012, http://infoshos.ru/en/?idn=9616 (3 October 2021).
    • Wang, J., & Kong, D. (2019), «Counter-Terrorism Cooperation Between China and Central Asian States in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization». China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 5, 1, 65-79.
    • Yuan, Jing-Dong. (2010), «China's Role in Establishing and Building the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)». Journal of Contemporary China. 19. 855-869.
    • Zhao, S. (2019), «China’s Belt-Road Initiative as the Signature of President Xi Jinping Diplomacy: Easier Said than Done». Journal of Contemporary China, 29, 319 - 335.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics