تحلیل تئوریک نقش پیشه‌وران (یا تخصصی‌های) امنیت در ایالات متحده در سیاست خارجی و امنیتی آن کشور در قبال جمهوری اسلامی بر مبنای مکتب پاریس

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیأت علمی گروه روابط بین الملل دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران

2 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج

10.29252/piaj.2021.214930.0

چکیده

پیشه­وران (یا تخصصی­های) امنیت یکی از مفاهیم اصلی مکتب پاریس می­باشد و به کنش­گرانی غیردولتی اطلاق می­گردد که هم تهدیدهای متوجه یک­ کشور را و هم نحوه مقابله با این تهدیدها را تعریف می­نمایند. بنابراین می­توان گفت که پیشه­وران امنیت که نقش سیاسی آنان در حوزه عمومی و رسانهای کم­تر قابل مشاهده است و ادعای دارابودن شناخت امنیتی را دارند، در تعریف مشکلات سیاسی-امنیتی دارای مشروعیت خودخوانده و قدرت هستند. این پژوهش در پی پاسخ به این سوال اصلی که پیشه­وران امنیت چه نقشی را در سیاست­خارجی و امنیتی ایالات ­متحده درقبال جمهوری ­اسلامی ایفا می­نمایند؟ این فرضیه را ارائه می­دهد که «پیشه­وران امنیت در ایالات­متحده با انجام چهار اقدام: 1) ایجاد «رژیمِ­ حقیقت» و برچسب «واقعیت» ­زدن به تنها نوع­­ خاصی از «شناخت» در مورد جمهوری­اسلامی و معرفی آن به­عنوان پدیده­ای «یاغی، حامی ­تروریسم، برهم­زننده نظم ­موجود وامثالهم» و مبتنی ­نمودن «شناخت» جامعه و نخبگان ایالات­متحده از جمهوری­اسلامی برهمین مبنا؛ 2) تعریف و (بر)ساخت[یا تکوین] جمهوری­اسلامی به­مثابه یک تهدید و پدیده موجد ناامنی متوجه منافع، ملت و متحدان ایالات­­متحده؛ 3) امنیتی­کردن جمهوری­اسلامی و4) تعریف شیوه­های مقابله با جمهوری­اسلامی در سیاست­هایی نظیر تهاجم نظامی و تهدید به­آن، تغییر نظام، مهار، تحریم و نفوذ؛ به سیاست­ خارجی و امنیتی ایالات­متحده در قبال جمهوری­اسلامی شکل می­دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Theoretical Analysis of the Role of US' professionals of security in US' Foreign and Security Policy Based on the Paris School

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nima Rezaei 1
  • Mojtabaa Shariati 2
1 Assistant Professor, International Relations Department, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Political Science Department, Faculty of Humanities, Yasuj University, Yasuj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Professionals of Security is one of the main concepts of the Paris School and refers to non-governmental actors who Defines threats to a country and how to deal with these threats. (Researchers at the Paris School use the term insecurity instead of threat). Thus, it can be said that Professionals of Security whose political role is less visible in the public sphere and the media, and who claim to have security knowledge, have self-imposed legitimacy and power in defining political-security problems. This study seeks to answer the main question, "What role do Professionals of Security play in the foreign and security policy of the United States towards the Islamic Republic of Iran?" The Professionals of Security in the United States take four steps: 1) to establish a "truth regime" and to label "reality" only the specific type of "knowledge" about the Islamic Republic. And introducing it as a phenomenon of "Rogue, supporters of terrorism, Revisionist and the like" and based on the "knowledge" of society and elites of the United States of the Islamic Republic of Iran on this basis; the Islamic Republic as a threat and a phenomenon of insecurity for the interests, nation and allies of the United States; 3) securitization of the Islamic Republic of Iran; and 4) defining ways to deal with the Islamic Republic of Iran in Policies such as military aggression and threat, Regime Change, containment, sanctions and infiltration; "They shape the foreign and security policy of the United States towards the Islamic Republic.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Paris School
  • Professionals of Security
  • Securitization

مراجع

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