Shahid Beheshti UniversityPolitical and International Approaches1735-739X6420150622The Relationship Between Sports and Politics According to the Theory of GramsciThe Relationship Between Sports and Politics According to the Theory of Gramsci103599356FAMohammad BagherHeshmatzadeSeyyed Mohammad HosseinAkramiyan0000-0001-6553-8512Journal Article20170403Correlation between sports and politics in modern history is clearly visible. Today, it is impossible to separate politics from sports and politics is connected with several indicators to sports. In the contemporary world, sports, government and politics are linked to each other. Today ,sports is presented as an important social factor. The role of sports in the social sciences, political science and international relations has been in deep scientific attention. This article is a descriptive-explanatory and tries to understand the social and political effects of sports. This article uses Gramsci's theory of hegemony and shows the role of sports in the building and consolidating national unity of government. This article shows the role of sports in nation building, social control, social integration. In this study we have used the method of data collection and electronic library. This article has a theoretical framework that can be used in the future studies of the relationship between sports and politics.Correlation between sports and politics in modern history is clearly visible. Today, it is impossible to separate politics from sports and politics is connected with several indicators to sports. In the contemporary world, sports, government and politics are linked to each other. Today ,sports is presented as an important social factor. The role of sports in the social sciences, political science and international relations has been in deep scientific attention. This article is a descriptive-explanatory and tries to understand the social and political effects of sports. This article uses Gramsci's theory of hegemony and shows the role of sports in the building and consolidating national unity of government. This article shows the role of sports in nation building, social control, social integration. In this study we have used the method of data collection and electronic library. This article has a theoretical framework that can be used in the future studies of the relationship between sports and politics.https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99356_38235eeeef6b3ec2a7aaf7fc7ca7eec5.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityPolitical and International Approaches1735-739X6420150622Formation of the Romantic Mental Currents in Iran's Politics; From the Constitutional Movement to the 1330sFormation of the Romantic Mental Currents in Iran's Politics; From the Constitutional Movement to the 1330s366499369FAMohamadrezaTajikHeidarKhosraviJournal Article20170403This essay is an inquiry about the formation of the romantic mental currents in Iran’s politics, from the Constitutional Movement to the 1330s. The process of the formation of romanticism and the enmity with reason, provoked the antagonism of reason and the poetic in the current history of Iran. The Constitutional movement which was supposed to be the turning point of the application of reason and reasonable expediency in Iran’s politics, eventually resulted in romanticism, that one can find its appearance in mysticism, archaism, the return to the self and revolutionism. Romanticism highlighted the utopian aspects of Iran’s politics and made rational thought afflicted with discard, omission and rejection. As this utopian wave advanced, romanticism became even the policy of political system and organized many of the political enterprises in the basis of archaism and the return to the self. The main question is that what and how romantic currents appeared from the Constitutinal Movement to the 1330s? And the answer to this question is that the prevalence of romanticism and consequently mysticism, radical archaism, revolutionarism and paying attention to the emotions and immediate desires in Iran's political sphere, generated three main romantic currents: Racism, Identitism, and Mystic Socialism.This essay is an inquiry about the formation of the romantic mental currents in Iran’s politics, from the Constitutional Movement to the 1330s. The process of the formation of romanticism and the enmity with reason, provoked the antagonism of reason and the poetic in the current history of Iran. The Constitutional movement which was supposed to be the turning point of the application of reason and reasonable expediency in Iran’s politics, eventually resulted in romanticism, that one can find its appearance in mysticism, archaism, the return to the self and revolutionism. Romanticism highlighted the utopian aspects of Iran’s politics and made rational thought afflicted with discard, omission and rejection. As this utopian wave advanced, romanticism became even the policy of political system and organized many of the political enterprises in the basis of archaism and the return to the self. The main question is that what and how romantic currents appeared from the Constitutinal Movement to the 1330s? And the answer to this question is that the prevalence of romanticism and consequently mysticism, radical archaism, revolutionarism and paying attention to the emotions and immediate desires in Iran's political sphere, generated three main romantic currents: Racism, Identitism, and Mystic Socialism.https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99369_76874a676739806c45d98c3ccc41357d.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityPolitical and International Approaches1735-739X6420150622A Criticism of Marxist Theory of Oriental Despotism in the Historical Perspective of IranA Criticism of Marxist Theory of Oriental Despotism in the Historical Perspective of Iran659099376FAZiaKhazaeiMohamadFarhadiJournal Article20170403By stablishing Feudalist Theory as a rival theory for Oriental Despotism Theory, the paper's main focus will be on Feudalist Theory as well as analyzing other related theories in the area and its principal hypothesis, emergence and reinforcing Oriental Despotism in Iran because of foreign tribes attacks. The analysis of the mentioned hypothesis will be carried out based on following points: first of all, existence of a feudalist period in Iranian history in ancient Iran that during the Sassanid dynasty reached its peak, is a strong evidence that approves the hypothesis; secondly, emergence of Oriental Despotism in Iran can not be only related to climatic conditions and the occupation of Iran by aggressive tribes with different culture, but Iran’s feudal culture paved the way toward gradual solidification of despotism in Iran. The study pays attention to the mentioned points and in doing so, the history of Iran is analyzed in a relatively new approach.By stablishing Feudalist Theory as a rival theory for Oriental Despotism Theory, the paper's main focus will be on Feudalist Theory as well as analyzing other related theories in the area and its principal hypothesis, emergence and reinforcing Oriental Despotism in Iran because of foreign tribes attacks. The analysis of the mentioned hypothesis will be carried out based on following points: first of all, existence of a feudalist period in Iranian history in ancient Iran that during the Sassanid dynasty reached its peak, is a strong evidence that approves the hypothesis; secondly, emergence of Oriental Despotism in Iran can not be only related to climatic conditions and the occupation of Iran by aggressive tribes with different culture, but Iran’s feudal culture paved the way toward gradual solidification of despotism in Iran. The study pays attention to the mentioned points and in doing so, the history of Iran is analyzed in a relatively new approach.https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99376_c584173e32bd1530715ff4dbf98bf25a.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityPolitical and International Approaches1735-739X6420150622International Political Economy and ISIS Appearance and Function in the Middle EastInternational Political Economy and ISIS Appearance and Function in the Middle East9111699380FAHosseinPourahmadiBahramAbbasiJournal Article20170403"ISIS" is a terrorist organization in the Middle East, especially in Iraq and Syria. This organization since 2013, has gained a lot of success in the military arena and thousands from around the world to serve its own ends. The nature and evolution of the era of globalization, including terrorism, has economic, political and security aspects. So, the explanation of these evolutions needs to understand the links between components of economic, political and security and their interaction at all levels of local, regional and international. This explanation is possible by the use of international political economy approach. We will try to answer the question of how the interactions in international and regional security, economic and political factors have caused the rise of ISIS and its developments in the Middle East. In this article, we will discuss the effect of political and military structures of regional security and political and economic underdevelopment of the region on the formation of ISIS. Also, we will review some financial policies supporting this organization from some countries, especially USA and Saudi Arabia. In addition, we will examine, in the framework of international political economy approach, the military and security aspects of the Middle East and its relationship with the formation and function of ISIS."ISIS" is a terrorist organization in the Middle East, especially in Iraq and Syria. This organization since 2013, has gained a lot of success in the military arena and thousands from around the world to serve its own ends. The nature and evolution of the era of globalization, including terrorism, has economic, political and security aspects. So, the explanation of these evolutions needs to understand the links between components of economic, political and security and their interaction at all levels of local, regional and international. This explanation is possible by the use of international political economy approach. We will try to answer the question of how the interactions in international and regional security, economic and political factors have caused the rise of ISIS and its developments in the Middle East. In this article, we will discuss the effect of political and military structures of regional security and political and economic underdevelopment of the region on the formation of ISIS. Also, we will review some financial policies supporting this organization from some countries, especially USA and Saudi Arabia. In addition, we will examine, in the framework of international political economy approach, the military and security aspects of the Middle East and its relationship with the formation and function of ISIS.https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99380_4a196e0d05b49f3ecd706b5de738a25c.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityPolitical and International Approaches1735-739X6420150622Iran’s Nuclear Diplomacy on Khatami, Ahmadinejad & Rouhani GovernmentsIran’s Nuclear Diplomacy on Khatami, Ahmadinejad & Rouhani Governments11715199361FAIbrahimAbbasi0000-0002-1420-9556Seyed JavadSalehiMozafarHasanvandJournal Article20170403Undoubtedly nuclear subject of Iran is one of the most important subjects of Iran’s diplomatic history. The subject makes an impresstion on internal & external policy of Iran. Iran’s elites have had different approaches in the beginning of nuclear crisis from Sadabad statement to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. However we should assess the subject in relationship with a regionl environment. The main Question of the research is what approaches & behavioral models were adopted by Iran in Nuclear Diplomacy from perspective of Rosenau’s theory in 1997-2015? In answer of the question, the research propounds the hypothsis that the behavioral model of Irananian governments have had proportional permanent in the Nuclear Diplomacy, but the model have had different shapes. Research Findings show direct relation between behavioral models of Iran with a regionl environment. Research method is explanatory & historical.Undoubtedly nuclear subject of Iran is one of the most important subjects of Iran’s diplomatic history. The subject makes an impresstion on internal & external policy of Iran. Iran’s elites have had different approaches in the beginning of nuclear crisis from Sadabad statement to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. However we should assess the subject in relationship with a regionl environment. The main Question of the research is what approaches & behavioral models were adopted by Iran in Nuclear Diplomacy from perspective of Rosenau’s theory in 1997-2015? In answer of the question, the research propounds the hypothsis that the behavioral model of Irananian governments have had proportional permanent in the Nuclear Diplomacy, but the model have had different shapes. Research Findings show direct relation between behavioral models of Iran with a regionl environment. Research method is explanatory & historical.https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99361_95f87ebabd3c387bf83fe09b2d93069c.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityPolitical and International Approaches1735-739X6420150622The Right to Social Security in the Documents in International RelationsThe Right to Social Security in the Documents in International Relations15217199365FAFatemeSar-Reshte IzadmousaKeyhanBarzegarJournal Article20170403Today, "the right to social security" directly relates to responsibility of governments which have been highlighted in international documents. This is a subject in International Relations that makes governments responsible for providing this right to all of its citizens. The issue of "the right to social security" is mentioned in the second generation of human rights. The authors of this article try to study exactly the responsibility of governments toward the right to social security. The main hypothesis of this paper is that "the right to social security" is mentioned in the international documents as a principle of human rights in second-generation of human rights. while the first generation is the fundamental freedoms that insist on “lacking of government intervention”, the second generation of human rights focuses on states responsibility for social security for all of its citizens without any discrimination and states are committed to the international documents. The authors conclude that governments to avoid from war, violence, social justice, reducing class conflict, poverty and human dignity, have recognized the right to social security as a human right in international documents, and states are responsible for social security for all citizens.Today, "the right to social security" directly relates to responsibility of governments which have been highlighted in international documents. This is a subject in International Relations that makes governments responsible for providing this right to all of its citizens. The issue of "the right to social security" is mentioned in the second generation of human rights. The authors of this article try to study exactly the responsibility of governments toward the right to social security. The main hypothesis of this paper is that "the right to social security" is mentioned in the international documents as a principle of human rights in second-generation of human rights. while the first generation is the fundamental freedoms that insist on “lacking of government intervention”, the second generation of human rights focuses on states responsibility for social security for all of its citizens without any discrimination and states are committed to the international documents. The authors conclude that governments to avoid from war, violence, social justice, reducing class conflict, poverty and human dignity, have recognized the right to social security as a human right in international documents, and states are responsible for social security for all citizens.https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99365_a51bfe54de1f79c46934918fb6778bcf.pdf