Political Education: Objectives, Mechanisms and Method Requirements
Roghayeh
Barzegar
Shiraz University
author
Mohammadhasan
Karimi
Shiraz University
author
Khalil-allah
Sardarnia
Shiraz University
author
Mohammad
Mazidi
Shiraz University
author
text
article
2019
per
In today's world, political and civic education is a part of the process of political development and the most important mechanism for citizenship, which plays a key role in establishing national sovereignty and unity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the essence of political education, goals, and ultimately to find the mechanism and method of appropriate political education in Iran. The following paper seeks to answer these two main questions: 1. What is Political Education? 2. What are the goals, mechanisms and requirements for the method of political education in Iran? The paradigm of this research is qualitative. So in order to answer the first question in the framework of a phenomenological approach, by reviewing different perspectives, a general concept of political education is presented and then, in response to the second question, the method of analytic logic or transcendental analysis has been used. Findings of the research indicate that political education is a process by which the legitimacy of sovereignty, lawmaking, discourse, the improvement of life and human flourishing will be done. This requires the creation of democracy, the discourse and the public sphere, by providing individual conditions (1. familiarity with the method of reasoning or logic; 2. familiarity with legal literacy or constitution and citizenship rights) and social conditions (1. freedom of expression and belief; 2. A place to exchange views) in the shadow of education.
Political and International Approaches
https://www.sbu.ac.ir/
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https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99773_26260926d00c48289bdb354c21179b55.pdf
Explaining the New Islamic Discourse of International Relations with Emphasis on the Concept of Convergence
Hossein
Pourahmadi
Shahid Beheshti University
author
Pouya
Pirouzi
Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2019
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Strategy and structure-solving discourse in the realm of modern Islamic discourse is an alternative for revolutionary and conservative consolidation. It is an approach that removes the monopoly of the Islamic hidden capacities by moving towards pragmatic strategies and defines the religious epistemology and ontology by the conceptual interaction with external developments. Production of concepts and meaning system in modern Islamic discourse is influenced by the requirements and the situations of time and place. So, explanation of the idea of convergence in modern discourse is based on reason and it is considered historical. The idea of convergence by reducing militancy and embrace pluralism in modern Islamic discourse in discussion with pod discourse internal and external Meta-discourse are emphasized. Convergence as a modern Islamic discourse inter textual discussion with other discourses in common human geography Biological Muslim community with sustainable security and transcendental reflection with instability mentality leads to a result-oriented model and is constitutive of the religious life style.
Political and International Approaches
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https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99781_0adb9fe70985eee32bdc98f19ea8e5c4.pdf
A Reflection on the Possibility of Political Subject According to Ernesto Laclau’s Theory
Mohammadreza
Tajik
Shahid Beheshti University
author
Parisa
Shakourzadeh
Imam Khomeini International University
author
text
article
2019
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Ernesto Laclau, the Post-Marxist theorist strives to re-examine problems of Marxism byimplementing a Poststructuralist approach and developing discourse theory. Political subject is one of the issues which classic Marxism has always faced with and considering thesocial and political changes today it has become further complicated. Laclau uses discoursetheory for defning and reviving political subject and identifes subject in discourse as “Subject Positions”. With antagonism among discourses and their dislocation the subject goesthrough an identity crisis and has no choice but to re-identify, and by doing so, the subjectis reintroduced as “subject as the distance from undecidability to decision”. In the last step,Laclau’s Populism theory indicates formation of collective and truly political subject whichis considered his most important theory. According to the results of this study, Laclau’s theory about subject as the distance from undecidability to decision is the most philosophicalpart of his theory which engages him in a dialogue with the prominent philosophers of thehistory and recreates the possibility of talking about subject.
Political and International Approaches
https://www.sbu.ac.ir/
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https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99785_cdbc4b97429e23e2e1904c5214ad592d.pdf
A Comparison of Iran’s and Turkey’s Media Diplomacy in the Post-Saddam Iraq
Mansour
Rahmani
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tehran, Iran
author
Ali
Shamsabadi
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2019
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Falling out of Saddam Hussain’s dictatorship, gave the opportunity for freedom of speechand media and subsequently the chance to Iran and Turkey to attract Iraqis public opinion.In such context, Media Diplomacy turned into a widely used tool for both Islamic Republicof Iran and AK Party to induce the mutual neighbor country’s political trends in the way thatthey desired. Te Main Question in this article is: What are advantages of Iran and TurkeyMedia Diplomacy in Iraq in comparison to each other? For fnding the answer, we havedescribed the Media and think-tank contents and other related library sources, and aferthat analyzed the methods of Iran and Turkey Media Diplomacy in Iraq from 2003 to 2018and eventually compared the two states’ methods. Regarding to methodology, this article ismainly based on Descriptive-Explanative method. At the last part of the article, we illustratedsimilarities and differences in Iran and Turkey Media Diplomacy towards Iraq and concluded Iran has the upper hand in Broadcasting, while Turkey is more successful in Entertainment Programs.
Political and International Approaches
https://www.sbu.ac.ir/
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https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99790_ee2792a3e9eb6b5facf3b8ef880280ef.pdf
The Structure of the Political Instability in Iraq Based on David Easton’s Theory, From Post-Saddam to Post-ISIS
Younes
Forouzan
Allameh Tabataba'i University
author
Abdolreza
Alishahi
Allameh Tabataba'i University
author
text
article
2019
per
Iraq should be considered as one of the major centers of the crisis, political unrest andideological confusion in the current era. From the Ba’ath impeachment period and SaddamHussein’s totalitarianism until the occupation of this country by the United States in 2003and eventually, ISIS’s security-political challenges in this country, Iraq have never beensuccessful in Development and the development of the political system. After ISIL’s relativedisintegration in Iraq, the issue that seems to be very important is the issue of reconstruction, development, integration and political development in this country. In this article, theauthors seek to answer this question by using the David Easton’s Political Instability theoryand the method of historical sociology )research method) try to answer this question howcan analyzed the pervasive political instability in Iraq Between 2003 )the fall of SaddamHussein) until 2018 (ISIS relative deterioration in Iraq)? The fndings of the article showsthat the Iraqi political system during this time can be likened to a political cycle. This cycleincludes broad changes in the political community, the occurrence of widespread changes inthe regime )rules), and ultimately, major changes in the authorities )the government). Therefore, widespread changes in this cycle caused the political instability in Iraq.
Political and International Approaches
https://www.sbu.ac.ir/
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https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99792_dd2893d6b73a9231cd1684bc7c26b196.pdf
Presence of Jihadist Groups in the International Sphere on the Basis of Otherness Making Process and Identity
Tayebeh
Mohammadikia
Allame Tabtabayi University
author
text
article
2019
per
Nowadays the Jihadi Salafsm is, for the frst time in the history of international relations, aninfluential movement playing a notable role against the dominant order. Therefore one canconfrm the presence of contemporary Jihadists within the international sphere as a threatening factor that must necessarily be well understood and studied in its various dimensions. Inthis research direction, we have to explain, through studying in what way they are playing arole in the international arena, how this radical and fundamentalist movements have becomeable to create a chain of conflicts and disorders. This question can be answered when wegained an understanding of the effective mechanisms in shaping the identity of this groupsin the international arena. In this regard this paper explains that by what means “othernessmaking process” is the approach by which we can clarify the identity of these groups within the framework of contemporary international order. Specifcally the paper describes theconcept of otherness making in the later literature of international relations as a theoreticalframework and a postmodern methodology by which one can analyze how contemporaryjihadism works and gain power and identity. Then, on the basis of this, the paper examineshow jihadist groups are seeking legitimacy for its acts against international order. Hopefullyit helps the paper to provide us with a fresh insight into the logic of their presence on theinternational arena.Paper is divided in the following Sections: otherness making, Identity and Otherness, Islamic world as an absent identity in the International politics, Meaning of Otherness in thediscourse of Salafsm and jihadist, and the Interaction between Jihadist Groups and International Order based on otherness making
Political and International Approaches
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https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_99776_17a65238bb5d6c41f3bf9066c6eb2eea.pdf
Randal Schweller and Challenges to Realism
حمیرا
مشیرزاده
دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران
author
بهرام
عین الهی معصوم
دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2019
per
Randall Schweller is a leading neoclassical realist who has paved the way for the revivalof realism through criticizing the structuralist approach of neo-realism. Waltz, Walt, andMearsheimer have been the major targets of his attacks. This article argues that his mainadded value to realism is to find a way to respond to internal divisions among realists andweak historical support for many of neo-realist propositions. Within this framework he entersinto internal debates among realists about status quo versus revisionist states; explainsnon-formation of balancing behavior and balance of power in the course of history; paysattention to change in international system ignored by many realists; and rejects the objectionsagainst realists for not accounting for international institutions. By including domesticfactors in his analysis, his work accounts for the emergence of revisionist states, dynamicsof international system, and the significance (or insignificance) of international institutionswithin a theory of states’ interest and the resulting balance of interests in the internationalsystem. This theory can clarify the historical conditions in which realists’ claims can proveto be true. In order to give an account of Schweller’s theoretical endeavors to modify and reviverealism, this article analyses his major works and shows that although he could accountfor inconsistences within realism, his own work with its own problems can add to internaldivisions within realist camp.
Political and International Approaches
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https://piaj.sbu.ac.ir/article_102703_06646924271cc2a4d2a08e79685cc2a3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/piaj.2022.212211.0